Metadata Management

Metadata describes technical, business, or operational aspects of other data. This provides you context so you can find the information you need more easily and use your data more effectively.

What is “other data”? By other data, we mean a collection of facts which represent measurements or descriptions of a situation. These facts can be in the form of numbers, symbols or words and are typically stored digitally. This source data, or raw data, is the facts in the original form and structure that they were collected. For analysis to happen, this raw data needs to be transformed into clean, business ready information through data integration.

Now let’s get back to defining metadata. To help you to find, understand, and access the information you need, this “other data” needs to have metadata associated with it. The metadata identifies other data and gives it context by providing core information about it, such as author, creation time, file size, file type, topic, etc.

There are three main types of metadata:

• Structural metadata describes relationships among different parts of a data set and is often used to support machine processing.

• Descriptive metadata describes attributes such as author, topic, and title which aids in identification and discovery of information assets.

• Administrative metadata describes the technical source or lineage of a data asset and how the data is used including elements such as creation time, file size, and file type but also usage rights, intellectual property, and use duration.

There are two ways to create metadata:

• Manual creation is labor-intensive but allows you to include more details. This approach is recommended for high-value, low volume data sets.

• Automatic creation, sometimes referred to as active metadata management, allows you to process massive volumes of data by leveraging machine learning. However, this approach can limit the amount of details you add.

Enterprise metadata management helps you find the data you need and trust that that data is accurate. Your company likely has a large volume of complex data coming from many sources. And you need to be able to find, understand and trust the right information to gain actionable insights that improve your business. Here are the key benefits of robust metadata management as part of your data governance framework:

• Better data quality and data usability

• More accurate data insights and decisions.

• Fewer data retrieval issues because your metadata definitions are more consistent.

• Less dependence on IT for information maintenance

• Easier to meet regulatory and compliance requirements

• A wider scope of business users can interact with data

• Easier identification of which database process or ETL job loaded data

• More accurate data catalog

Metadata management is the only element of your overall data management and governance framework which focuses on metadata rather than the actual data itself. Metadata management tools allow you to automatically separate and load all types of metadata generated from a variety of systems such as your applications, data integration tools, data lake architecture, data warehouse, and data marts.

Enterprise metadata management aids in every phase of your data lifecycle:

• Data catalog. Managed metadata supports your data architects in building a data catalog by identifying datasets and sensitive data.

• Data governance tools. Data engineers use metadata to manage changes in the data, avoid duplication of the data, and assign the correct business context to the data.

• Data quality privacy management tools. Data stewards and/or data quality engineers use managed metadata to ensure data quality and that sensitive data usage complies with internal and external policies.

• BI tools. Business users, analysts and data scientists rely on managed metadata to find, understand, and access the specific information assets they need.

Active Metadata Management employs artificial intelligence (AI) and/or machine learning (ML) to automatically profile, tag, classify and give lineage information to metadata, make metadata recommendations, and identify incorrect or missing data. This modern approach is driven in part by the rise of data from edge devices and IoT and also by the greater accessibility of AI and AutoML.

At a high level, the primary use cases for metadata management are data governance and data analysis. Managed metadata ensures that all groups in your organization comply with your data governance framework and it helps them find answers to their questions. Let’s look at three key constituents and how they might use metadata management:

• IT & Operations teams ensure data integrity by working with metadata that involves data transformations, audits, database schemas, and system mappings. Managed metadata also helps these teams manage information such as run-time stats, log information, volume metrics, and time stamps.

• Business managers and analysts benefit from metadata management’s support of business context, governance processes, and glossary terms. Metadata also helps business users know which are the best datasets to use to answer specific performance questions. And self-service data catalogs use metadata to allow these users to find, understand, and access the data they need.

• Legal and governance teams rely on enterprise metadata management to adhere to regulatory and data privacy standards such as GDPR and CCPA. It allows them to define documents and assets, identify sensitive data, and audit compliance practices.

Your solution to manage metadata will depend on the complexity and scale of your data sources and the variety of users and use cases you need to support. Still, below are five best practices for establishing and maintaining robust metadata management.

1. Define Your Metadata Strategy. You should start by identifying your short- and long-term use cases and the types of information you want to manage metadata for. Make sure these align with your overall business objectives and data strategy.

2. Define Scope and Roles. Be clear how metadata will support data analysis, data quality, data governance, and compliance needs, both now and in the future. Codify the requirements for each area and the roles of metadata managers, creators, and consumers. You’ll want to gather metadata from a wide variety of data sources, both on-premises and multi-cloud.

3. Define Policy to Ensure Quality Metadata. Your policy should ensure that metadata is consistently captured, stored and governed at the level of terms, attributes, and elements. The terms level refers to the standard business definitions and language for your organization. Attributes refers to data models, data dictionaries, or system documentation. Elements refers to database reports or tables which could come from spreadsheets, database catalogs, or data models. Be sure to include the source of your metadata in your data lineage. Adopting metadata standards such as the DoD Data Strategy will help you achieve consistent metadata interpretation with your ecosystem of vendors and partners.

4. Define Requirements for Your Tool. Once you’ve defined your strategy and scope, you’re ready to define the primary capabilities you need from your metadata management tool. For example, scalable storage and search functionality may be your top criteria.
   
   You could also decide it’s important to take advantage of AI & ML. As stated above, active metadata management automatically profiles, tags, classifies and gives lineage information to metadata. It also makes metadata recommendations, and identifies incorrect or missing data.

5. Define Your Long-Term Program. Now that you’ve implemented your tool, be sure to get buy-in from all stakeholders across your organization to make managing metadata an on-going program and process. Then maintain regular communication with these stakeholders of your program goals and issues. Plus, you should identify metadata stewards who will implement your policies and conduct periodic audits and reviews to identify areas for improvement.